Add palindrome number checker with user input

maths/palindrome_number.py

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+def is_palindrome(number: int) -> bool:
+    """
+    Determines if an integer is a palindrome without string conversion.
+
+    Logic:
+    1. Filter out negative numbers and multiples of 10.
+    2. Reverse the second half of the number.
+    3. Compare the two halves.
+    """
+    if number < 0 or (number % 10 == 0 and number != 0):
+        return False
+
+    reversed_half = 0
+    while number > reversed_half:
+        reversed_half = (reversed_half * 10) + (number % 10)
+        number //= 10
+
+    return number == reversed_half or number == reversed_half // 10